Bed Bugs

Insect

Bed Bugs

Bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) are wingless ectoparasites found globally in domestic and commercial environments. They lay eggs in crevices, feed nocturnally on blood, and produce a distinctive musty odour associated with their faecal deposits and scent glands.

Facts

  • Name: Bed Bug, Cimex lectularius
  • Life cycle: Incomplete metamorphosis
    Egg: Females lay approximately 4–5 eggs per day in cracks and crevices, typically on or near bedding. Eggs will only hatch at temperatures above 13°C.
    Nymph: Develop through five moults, reaching adulthood within several weeks under optimal conditions.
    Adult: Measure approximately 6 mm in length. Lifespan is influenced by temperature and food availability. In the absence of a host, adults may survive for up to 12 months in a state of diapause.
  • Description:
    Bed bugs are flattened, oval-bodied insects lacking wings. Their bodies become distended following a blood meal, which may amount to up to seven times their own body weight. Colouration varies from light brown to mahogany, depending on the time elapsed since feeding.
  • Habitat:

    Bed bugs are found worldwide, with infestations commonly associated with high-occupancy environments such as homes, hotels, hostels, and other forms of shared accommodation. Adults typically harbour in cracks, crevices, furniture, and bedding.

Bed bug on a mattress

Signs of infestation

  • Bed bugs feed nocturnally, usually while the host is asleep. Bites are often visible on exposed skin and may appear in linear clusters.
  • Infested areas often emit a musty odour caused by accumulated faecal matter and scent gland secretions.
  • Harbourages may be identified by dark spotting, shed exoskeletons, and live insects in concealed locations.

References

  1. The British Pest Management Manual. Section 5, pg 76.
  2. Lab notes, Tarakan International.
Bed bug on skin

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